伊壁鸠鲁学派创始人。继承德谟克利特原子唯物论并提出原子的偏斜运动（确立意志自由）。主张“快乐即是避开肉体痛苦与心灵焦虑”，并非倡导荒淫。死之于我们无知、神之不用干涉凡俗。
Founder of the Epicurean school. He established "the Garden" on the outskirts of Athens—an egalitarian community open to slaves and women. He suffered chronic kidney stones and digestive ailments throughout his life, yet lived simply on bread, water, and occasional cheese, finding joy that rivaled the gods.
Epicurus advocated rational negative hedonism grounded in Democritean atomism. To dispel fear of divine punishment and death, he argued that the soul is atomic and dissolves at death—there is no hell. "Death is nothing to us: when we are, death is not; when death is, we are not." Ethically, he condemned indulgence, which breeds emptiness. The highest pleasure is the absence of bodily pain (aponia) and mental disturbance (ataraxia); with modest food, shelter, and a few friends, one can live like a god.
"Do not fear God; do not fear death. What is good is easy to obtain; what is terrible is easy to endure. When death comes, we are no longer here."
伊壁鸠鲁的‘四剂神药（Tetrapharmakos）’：‘神不值得惧怕，死不值得发抖；好东西极易获得，恐惧极易挺过。’在你今夜辗转反侧，为了未来、考研、绩点、或者是生老病死那些庞然大物感到极度窒息喘不过气来时，你是否能听到这位在两千多年前，就曾在小花园里，被结石病折磨却依然在月光下安谧喝着白水微笑的病哲人，给你的静心开导？
The Cyrenaics pursued maximal intensity of active sensory pleasure. Epicurus observed that chasing intensified stimulation is often a disguised ticket to anxiety and suffering, maintaining that the highest and most secure pleasure is simple, undisturbed tranquility.
In a culture that celebrates maximal sensory consumption, how can we recover the Epicurean art of finding profound pleasure in a cup of water and good conversation?
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