2026-07-22 — knowphilosophers.site
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is a central pillar of Western philosophy. His Three Critiques resolved the dispute between rationalism and empiricism, and initiated a Copernican revolution in epistemology.
Kant's Copernican revolution: objects conform to our cognition, not vice versa. We can only know phenomena (things as they appear), never noumena (things-in-themselves).
Kant's categorical imperative: act only according to maxims you can will to be universal law. Always treat humanity as an end, never merely as a means.
The Critique of Judgment bridges nature's necessity and freedom's ought. Aesthetic judgments possess 'subjective universality' — originating in feeling yet demanding universal assent.
Kant's philosophy is a watershed. Nearly every philosopher after him had to respond to his system — Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Schopenhauer, and modern thinkers from Rawls to Habermas.
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